Toward a Theory of International New Ventures
Journal of International Business Studies, 25 (1):
45--65 (1994)Abstract
Presents a framework that explains the phenomenon of organizations that are international from inception. Incongruency with traditionally expected characteristics of multinational enterprises; Four necessary and sufficient elements for the existence of international new ventures.
The formation of organizations that are international from inception international new ventures--is an increasingly important phenomenon that is incongruent with traditionally expected characteristics of multinational enterprises. A framework is presented that explains the phenomenon by integrating international business, entrepreneurship, and strategic management theory. That framework describes four necessary and sufficient elements for the existence of international new ventures: (1) organizational formation through internalization of some transactions, (2) strong reliance on alternative governance structures to access resources, (3) establishment of foreign location advantages, and (4) control over unique resources.