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Genomes of the Venus Flytrap and Close Relatives Unveil the Roots of Plant Carnivory

, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and . Curr Biol, 30 (12): 2312-2320 e5 (2020)Palfalvi, Gergo Hackl, Thomas Terhoeven, Niklas Shibata, Tomoko F Nishiyama, Tomoaki Ankenbrand, Markus Becker, Dirk Forster, Frank Freund, Matthias Iosip, Anda Kreuzer, Ines Saul, Franziska Kamida, Chiharu Fukushima, Kenji Shigenobu, Shuji Tamada, Yosuke Adamec, Lubomir Hoshi, Yoshikazu Ueda, Kunihiko Winkelmann, Traud Fuchs, Jorg Schubert, Ingo Schwacke, Rainer Al-Rasheid, Khaled Schultz, Jorg Hasebe, Mitsuyasu Hedrich, Rainer eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2020/05/16 Curr Biol. 2020 Jun 22;30(12):2312-2320.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.04.051. Epub 2020 May 14..
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.04.051

Abstract

Most plants grow and develop by taking up nutrients from the soil while continuously under threat from foraging animals. Carnivorous plants have turned the tables by capturing and consuming nutrient-rich animal prey, enabling them to thrive in nutrient-poor soil. To better understand the evolution of botanical carnivory, we compared the draft genome of the Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) with that of its aquatic sister, the waterwheel plant Aldrovanda vesiculosa, and the sundew Drosera spatulata. We identified an early whole-genome duplication in the family as source for carnivory-associated genes. Recruitment of genes to the trap from the root especially was a major mechanism in the evolution of carnivory, supported by family-specific duplications. Still, these genomes belong to the gene poorest land plants sequenced thus far, suggesting reduction of selective pressure on different processes, including non-carnivorous nutrient acquisition. Our results show how non-carnivorous plants evolved into the most skillful green hunters on the planet.

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