The characteristics of fault and shear zones to depths of 2.5 km are
well documented in deep mines in North America. The characteristics
may be summarized as follows. (a) Fault zones usually are irregular,
branched, anastomosed, and curved rather than simple and planar.
(b) Faults are generally composed of one or more clay or clay-like
gouge zones in a matrix of sheared and foliated rock bordered by
highly fractured rock. (c) The widths of fault zones appear to be
greater when faults have greater displacement, probably as a result
of a long history of repeated minor movements. Fault zones with kilometers
of displacement tend to be 100 m or more wide, whereas those with
only a few hundred meters of displacement commonly are only 1 m or
less wide. (d) Some zones represent shear distributed across hundreds
of meters without local concentration in a narrow gouge zone. (e)
Many fault zones are wet even above the water table, and water moves
along them at various rates, but some also serve as subsurface dams,
ponding ground water as much as several hundred meters higher on
one side than on the other. No striking differences in the characteristics
of faults over the vertical range of 2.5 km are documented.
%0 Journal Article
%1 wallace_morris:1986
%A Wallace, Robert E.
%A Morris, Hal T.
%D 1986
%J Pure and Applied Geophysics
%K
%N 1-2
%P 107--125
%R 10.1007/BF00875721
%T Characteristics of faults and shear zones in in deep mines
%U http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00875721
%V 124
%X The characteristics of fault and shear zones to depths of 2.5 km are
well documented in deep mines in North America. The characteristics
may be summarized as follows. (a) Fault zones usually are irregular,
branched, anastomosed, and curved rather than simple and planar.
(b) Faults are generally composed of one or more clay or clay-like
gouge zones in a matrix of sheared and foliated rock bordered by
highly fractured rock. (c) The widths of fault zones appear to be
greater when faults have greater displacement, probably as a result
of a long history of repeated minor movements. Fault zones with kilometers
of displacement tend to be 100 m or more wide, whereas those with
only a few hundred meters of displacement commonly are only 1 m or
less wide. (d) Some zones represent shear distributed across hundreds
of meters without local concentration in a narrow gouge zone. (e)
Many fault zones are wet even above the water table, and water moves
along them at various rates, but some also serve as subsurface dams,
ponding ground water as much as several hundred meters higher on
one side than on the other. No striking differences in the characteristics
of faults over the vertical range of 2.5 km are documented.
@article{wallace_morris:1986,
abstract = {The characteristics of fault and shear zones to depths of 2.5 km are
well documented in deep mines in North America. The characteristics
may be summarized as follows. (a) Fault zones usually are irregular,
branched, anastomosed, and curved rather than simple and planar.
(b) Faults are generally composed of one or more clay or clay-like
gouge zones in a matrix of sheared and foliated rock bordered by
highly fractured rock. (c) The widths of fault zones appear to be
greater when faults have greater displacement, probably as a result
of a long history of repeated minor movements. Fault zones with kilometers
of displacement tend to be 100 m or more wide, whereas those with
only a few hundred meters of displacement commonly are only 1 m or
less wide. (d) Some zones represent shear distributed across hundreds
of meters without local concentration in a narrow gouge zone. (e)
Many fault zones are wet even above the water table, and water moves
along them at various rates, but some also serve as subsurface dams,
ponding ground water as much as several hundred meters higher on
one side than on the other. No striking differences in the characteristics
of faults over the vertical range of 2.5 km are documented.},
added-at = {2012-09-01T13:08:21.000+0200},
author = {Wallace, Robert E. and Morris, Hal T.},
biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2e4fd0cea7910cbb1ca80d8118c5557ce/nilsma},
day = 1,
doi = {10.1007/BF00875721},
interhash = {ca9123c9cf0075fbca65597e8505c845},
intrahash = {e4fd0cea7910cbb1ca80d8118c5557ce},
journal = {Pure and Applied Geophysics},
keywords = {},
month = jan,
number = {1-2},
pages = {107--125},
timestamp = {2021-02-09T13:27:55.000+0100},
title = {Characteristics of faults and shear zones in in deep mines},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00875721},
volume = 124,
year = 1986
}