Article,

High Earth-system climate sensitivity determined from Pliocene carbon dioxide concentrations

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Nature Geoscience, 3 (1): 27--30 (Dec 20, 2009)
DOI: 10.1038/ngeo724

Abstract

Climate sensitivity—the mean global temperature response to a doubling of atmospheric CO2 concentrations through radiative forcing and associated feedbacks—is estimated at 1.5–4.5 ∘C (ref. 1). However, this value incorporates only relatively rapid feedbacks such as changes in atmospheric water vapour concentrations, and the distributions of sea ice, clouds and aerosols.

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