Abstract
The game of Go is more challenging than other board games, due to the
difficulty of constructing a position or move evaluation function. In this
paper we investigate whether deep convolutional networks can be used to
directly represent and learn this knowledge. We train a large 12-layer
convolutional neural network by supervised learning from a database of human
professional games. The network correctly predicts the expert move in 55% of
positions, equalling the accuracy of a 6 dan human player. When the trained
convolutional network was used directly to play games of Go, without any
search, it beat the traditional search program GnuGo in 97% of games, and
matched the performance of a state-of-the-art Monte-Carlo tree search that
simulates a million positions per move.
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