%0 Journal Article %1 Luo_1994_1097 %A Luo, C. H. %A Rudy, Y. %D 1994 %J Circ. Res. %K 7514510 Action Animals, Biological, Calcium, Channels, Gov't, Guinea Heart, Ion Models, Non-U.S. P.H.S., Pigs, Potentials, Research Support, U.S. %N 6 %P 1097--1113 %T A dynamic model of the cardiac ventricular action potential. II. Afterdepolarizations, triggered activity, and potentiation. %V 74 %X The action potential model presented in our accompanying article in this journal is used to investigate phenomena that involve dynamic changes of Ca$^2+$i, as described below. Delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs) are induced by spontaneous Ca$^2+$ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), which, in turn, activates both the Na$^+$-Ca$^2+$ exchanger (INaCa) and a nonspecific Ca$^2+$-activated current (Ins(Ca)). The relative contributions of INaCa and of Ins(Ca) to the generation of DADs are different under different degrees of Ca$^2+$ overload. Early afterdepolarizations (EADs) can be categorized into two types: (1) plateau EADs, resulting from a secondary activation of the L-type Ca$^2+$ current during the plateau of an action potential, and (2) phase-3 EADs, resulting from activation of INaCa and Ins(Ca) by increased Ca$^2+$i due to spontaneous Ca$^2+$ release from the SR during the late repolarization phase. Spontaneous rhythmic activity and triggered activity are caused by spontaneous Ca$^2+$ release from the SR under conditions of Ca$^2+$ overload. Postextrasystolic potentiation reflects the time delay associated with translocation of Ca$^2+$ from network SR to junctional SR. The cell is paced at high frequencies to investigate the long-term effects on the intracellular ionic concentrations.

@article{Luo_1994_1097, abstract = {The action potential model presented in our accompanying article in this journal is used to investigate phenomena that involve dynamic changes of [{C}a$^{2+}$]i, as described below. Delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs) are induced by spontaneous {C}a$^{2+}$ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), which, in turn, activates both the {N}a$^{+}$-{C}a$^{2+}$ exchanger (INaCa) and a nonspecific {C}a$^{2+}$-activated current (Ins(Ca)). The relative contributions of INaCa and of Ins(Ca) to the generation of DADs are different under different degrees of {C}a$^{2+}$ overload. Early afterdepolarizations (EADs) can be categorized into two types: (1) plateau EADs, resulting from a secondary activation of the L-type {C}a$^{2+}$ current during the plateau of an action potential, and (2) phase-3 EADs, resulting from activation of INaCa and Ins(Ca) by increased [{C}a$^{2+}$]i due to spontaneous {C}a$^{2+}$ release from the SR during the late repolarization phase. Spontaneous rhythmic activity and triggered activity are caused by spontaneous {C}a$^{2+}$ release from the SR under conditions of {C}a$^{2+}$ overload. Postextrasystolic potentiation reflects the time delay associated with translocation of {C}a$^{2+}$ from network SR to junctional SR. The cell is paced at high frequencies to investigate the long-term effects on the intracellular ionic concentrations.}, added-at = {2009-06-03T11:20:58.000+0200}, author = {Luo, C. H. and Rudy, Y.}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/20bcdb99a292eacd74b34a5fe1cf18c70/hake}, description = {The whole bibliography file I use.}, file = {Luo_1994_1097.pdf:Luo_1994_1097.pdf:PDF}, interhash = {55ddbb5e988e36d90ccaf1a26c6cc596}, intrahash = {0bcdb99a292eacd74b34a5fe1cf18c70}, journal = {Circ. Res.}, key = 13, keywords = {7514510 Action Animals, Biological, Calcium, Channels, Gov't, Guinea Heart, Ion Models, Non-U.S. P.H.S., Pigs, Potentials, Research Support, U.S.}, month = Jun, number = 6, pages = {1097--1113}, pdf = {Luo_1994_1097.pdf}, pmid = {7514510}, timestamp = {2009-06-03T11:21:21.000+0200}, title = {A dynamic model of the cardiac ventricular action potential. II. Afterdepolarizations, triggered activity, and potentiation.}, volume = 74, year = 1994 }