Abstract
The prevailing view of medial temporal lobe (MTL) function has two
principal elements: first, that the MTL subserves memory but not
perception, and second, that the many anatomically distinctive parts
of the MTL function together in the service of declarative memory.
Recent neuropsychological studies have, however, challenged both
opinions. First, studies in rodents, nonhuman primates, and humans
suggest that the perirhinal cortex represents information about objects
for both mnemonic and perceptual purposes. Second, the idea that
MTL components contribute to declarative memory in similar ways has
also been contradicted. Whereas the perirhinal cortex plays an essential
role in familiarity-based object recognition, the hippocampus contributes
little, if at all, to this function. In both primates and rodents,
the hippocampus contributes to the memory and perception of places
and paths, whereas the perirhinal cortex does so for objects and
the contents of scenes.
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