Аннотация
The detection of exoplanets orbiting other stars has revolutionized our view
of the cosmos. First results suggest that it is teeming with a fascinating
diversity of rocky planets, including those in the habitable zone. Even our
closest star, Proxima Centauri, harbors a small planet in its habitable zone,
Proxima b. With the next generation of telescopes, we will be able to peer into
the atmospheres of rocky planets and get a glimpse into other worlds. Using our
own planet and its wide range of biota as a Rosetta stone, we explore how we
could detect habitability and signs of life on exoplanets over interstellar
distances. Current telescopes are not yet powerful enough to characterize
habitable exoplanets, but the next generation of telescopes that is already
being built will have the capabilities to characterize close-by habitable
worlds. The discussion on what makes a planet a habitat and how to detect signs
of life is lively. This review will show the latest results, the challenges of
how to identify and characterize such habitable worlds, and how near-future
telescopes will revolutionize the field. For the first time in human history,
we have developed the technology to detect potential habitable worlds. Finding
thousands of exoplanets has taken the field of comparative planetology beyond
the Solar System.
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