Abstract
Thermal inkjet actuators operate by passing a current through an electrical resistor, the heater, in
contact with a working liquid such as ink. This heats the liquid rapidly (dT /dt ≈ 10 8 − 10 9 K/s), and
once the liquid temperature exceeds the superheat limit, it flash boils. The resultant high temperature
(≈ 300 ◦ C) and pressure (≈ 10 MPa) bubble expands, forcing the ink through a nozzle, forming a
droplet which then travels through the print gap until it strikes the media. Here, we discuss the bubble
nucleation criterion for a novel thermal inkjet technology, using numerical and analytical models.
Both models give comparable results, with differences of ten percent or less. These values are also
found to compare reasonably well with data from bubble visualization experiments.
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