Abstract
The latex from Thevetia peruviana is rich in plant defense proteins,
including a 120 kDa cysteine peptidase with structural characteristics
similar to germin-like proteins.
More than 20,000 plant species produce latex, including Apocynaceae,
Sapotaceae, Papaveraceae and Euphorbiaceae. To better understand the
physiological role played by latex fluids, a proteomic analysis of
Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) Schum latex was performed using
two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. A total of 33
proteins (86 %) were identified, including storage proteins, a
peptidase inhibitor, cysteine peptidases, peroxidases and osmotins. An
unusual cysteine peptidase, termed peruvianin-I, was purified from the
latex by a single chromatographic step involving gel filtration. The
enzyme (glycoprotein) was inhibited by E-64 and iodoacetamide and
exhibited high specific activity towards azocasein (K (m) 17.6 A mu M),
with an optimal pH and temperature of 5.0-6.0 and 25-37 A degrees C,
respectively. Gel filtration chromatography, two-dimensional gel
electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry revealed that peruvianin-I
possesses 120 kDa, pI 4.0, and six subunits (20 kDa). A unique
N-terminal amino acid sequence was obtained to oligomer and monomers of
peruvianin-I ((1)ADPGPLQDFCLADLNSPLFINGYPCRNPALAISDDF(36)).
High-resolution images from atomic force microscopy showed the
homohexameric structure of peruvianin-I may be organized as a trimer of
dimers that form a central channel similar to germin-like proteins.
Peruvianin-I exhibited no oxalate oxidase and superoxide dismutase
activity or antifungal effects. Peruvianin-I represents the first
germin-like protein (GLP) with cysteine peptidase activity, an activity
unknown in the GLP family so far.
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