Abstract
Thin plain concrete plates subject to biaxial loading were studied
experimentally. All combinations of compressive and tensile loadings
were included. Deformational characteristics, fracture mechanism,
and strength were observed. Results confirm that concrete possesses
higher strength in biaxial compression than in uniaxial compression.
Under combined compression and tension, the compressive strength
decreases almost linearly as the tensile stress increases. The biaxial
tensile strength of concrete is greater than its uniaxial tensile
strength. Observed modes of failure and measurements of tensile deformation
enforce the idea that the most appropriate concrete failure criterion,
for uniaxial and biaxial states of stress, is limiting tensile strain.
The magnitude of the limiting tensile strain decreases with the degree
of direct tensile loading involved and increases with the degree
of compression. A general stress-strain relationship for concrete
in biaxial loading is proposed. In addition, a simple biaxial strength
criterion is recommended for practical application.
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