Abstract
Co-localization of Na$^+$/Ca$^2+$ exchangers (NCX) with ryanodine
receptors (RyRs) is debated. We incorporate local NCX current in
a biophysically detailed model of L-type Ca$^2+$ channels (LCCs)
and RyRs and study the effect of NCX on the regulation of Ca$^2+$-induced
Ca$^2+$ release and the shape of the action potential. In canine
ventricular cells, under pathological conditions, e.g., impaired
LCCs, local NCXs become an enhancer of sarcoplasmic reticulum release.
Under such conditions incorporation of local NCXs is critical to
accurately capture mechanisms of excitation-contraction coupling.
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