%0 Journal Article %1 BaileyPMC2 %A Bailey, S. M. %A Merkel, A. W. %A Thomas, G. E. %A Rusch, D. W. %D 2007 %J Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics %K ANTARCTICA CLIMATOLOGY CLOUDS LATITUDES LEO MESOSPHERE NOCTILUCENT NORTHERN PMSE SUMMER TEMPERATURE THERMOSPHERE WATER-VAPOR clouds differences hemispheric mesosphere mesospheric noctilucent polar %N 12 %P 1407-1418 %T Hemispheric differences in polar mesospheric cloud morphology observed by the student nitric oxide explorer %V 69 %X The limb-scanning ultraviolet spectrometer on the Student Nitric Oxide Explorer (SNOE) observed Polar Mesospheric Clouds (PMCs) at 215 and 237 nm from 1998 to 2003. The altitude and brightness relative to the background atmosphere were determined for each detected cloud. In the nominal mode of operations, SNOE observed forward scattered radiance in the southern hemisphere and backward scattered radiance in the northern hemisphere. This geometry and the strong asymmetry in the Mic scattering phase function makes southern clouds appear to be much brighter in the south relative to the north. During the northern 2000 PMC season and the southern 2000/2001 season, SNOE was operated in a special mode that permitted observation of both forward and backward scattered radiance over the entire polar region throughout the season. Observing the two hemispheres in identical geometries allows for a comparison of the spatial and temporal morphology of PMCs during those two seasons that is not limited by observational differences, either in scattering angle or local time. SNOE observed more than 32,000 clouds in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) in 2000 and more than 15,800 clouds in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) in 2000/2001. This data set offers the following conclusions. There were significantly fewer PMCs observed in the south relative to the north, by nearly a factor of two, for the seasons observed. The frequency Of Occurrence of PMC was larger in the north with greater equatorward extent. Using a statistical description of the distribution of cloud brightness, we show that a larger population of bright clouds exist in the north relative to the south. In agreement with previous studies, we show that the northern clouds are on average 1.1 km lower in altitude than those of the south. The southern hemisphere clouds exhibit larger variability in frequency of occurrence than the northern hemisphere clouds. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

@article{BaileyPMC2, abstract = {The limb-scanning ultraviolet spectrometer on the Student Nitric Oxide Explorer (SNOE) observed Polar Mesospheric Clouds (PMCs) at 215 and 237 nm from 1998 to 2003. The altitude and brightness relative to the background atmosphere were determined for each detected cloud. In the nominal mode of operations, SNOE observed forward scattered radiance in the southern hemisphere and backward scattered radiance in the northern hemisphere. This geometry and the strong asymmetry in the Mic scattering phase function makes southern clouds appear to be much brighter in the south relative to the north. During the northern 2000 PMC season and the southern 2000/2001 season, SNOE was operated in a special mode that permitted observation of both forward and backward scattered radiance over the entire polar region throughout the season. Observing the two hemispheres in identical geometries allows for a comparison of the spatial and temporal morphology of PMCs during those two seasons that is not limited by observational differences, either in scattering angle or local time. SNOE observed more than 32,000 clouds in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) in 2000 and more than 15,800 clouds in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) in 2000/2001. This data set offers the following conclusions. There were significantly fewer PMCs observed in the south relative to the north, by nearly a factor of two, for the seasons observed. The frequency Of Occurrence of PMC was larger in the north with greater equatorward extent. Using a statistical description of the distribution of cloud brightness, we show that a larger population of bright clouds exist in the north relative to the south. In agreement with previous studies, we show that the northern clouds are on average 1.1 km lower in altitude than those of the south. The southern hemisphere clouds exhibit larger variability in frequency of occurrence than the northern hemisphere clouds. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, added-at = {2009-03-30T22:21:12.000+0200}, author = {Bailey, S. M. and Merkel, A. W. and Thomas, G. E. and Rusch, D. W.}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2da15f71fbc61cb55cf96a160488614e4/bobsica}, description = {Leo's paper references II}, interhash = {ca8ccf60e361318804bc2c3a62b2d218}, intrahash = {da15f71fbc61cb55cf96a160488614e4}, journal = {Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics}, keywords = {ANTARCTICA CLIMATOLOGY CLOUDS LATITUDES LEO MESOSPHERE NOCTILUCENT NORTHERN PMSE SUMMER TEMPERATURE THERMOSPHERE WATER-VAPOR clouds differences hemispheric mesosphere mesospheric noctilucent polar}, note = {Cited Reference Count: 46 Cited References: BAILEY SM, 2005, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V110 BALSLEY BB, 1993, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V20, P1983 BALSLEY BB, 1995, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V100, P11685 BARTH CA, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE, V108 BAUMGARTEN G, 2006, J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY, V68, P78 BREMER J, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V108 CARBARY JF, 2001, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V28, P725 CHU X, 2001, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V26, P1937 CHU X, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES, V108 CHU XZ, 2004, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V31 CZECHOWSKY P, 1979, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V6, P459 DELAND MT, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V108 DELAND MT, 2006, J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY, V68, P9 DOWDY A, 2001, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V28, P1475 ECKLUND WL, 1981, J GEOPHYS RES, V86, P7775 FIEDLER J, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V108 GADSDEN A, 2001, ADV SPACE RES, V28, P1083 HERVIG M, 2006, J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY, V68, P30 HUAMAN MM, 1999, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V26, P1529 JARVIS MJ, 2005, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V32 LESLIE RJ, 1885, NATURE, V33, P245 LUBKEN FJ, 1999, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V104, P9135 LUBKEN FJ, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V108 LUBKEN FJ, 2004, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V109 MCHUGH M, 2003, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V30 MERKEL AW, 2001, J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE, V106, P30283 MERKEL AW, 2002, DYNAMICAL INFLUENCES MERKEL AW, 2003, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V30 MORRIS RJ, 2004, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V31 MORRIS RJ, 2006, J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY, V68, P418 OLIVERO JJ, 1986, J ATMOS SCI, V43, P1263 PETELINA SV, 2005, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V32 PETELINA SV, 2006, J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY, V68, P42 ROBLE RG, 1994, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V21, P417 SHETTLE EP, 2002, J GEOPHYS RES, V107 SISKIND DE, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES, V108, P40511 SISKIND DE, 2005, J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY, V63, P501 THOMAS GE, 1985, PLANET SPACE SCI, V33, P1209 THOMAS GE, 1989, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOSP, V94, P14673 THOMAS GE, 1995, GEOPHYS MONOGR, V87, P185 THOMAS GE, 2003, ADV SPACE RES, V32, P1737 THOMAS GE, 2003, EOS, V84 VONZAHN U, 2003, EOS, V84 WOODFORD EM, 2005, PHARM WORLD SCI, V27, P215 WOODMAN RF, 1999, J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE, V104, P22577 WROTNY JE, 2006, J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY, V68, P1352 Bailey, Scott M. Merkel, Aimee W. Thomas, Gary E. Rusch, David W.}, number = 12, pages = {1407-1418}, timestamp = {2009-03-30T22:21:12.000+0200}, title = {Hemispheric differences in polar mesospheric cloud morphology observed by the student nitric oxide explorer}, volume = 69, year = 2007 }