Аннотация
We address the problem of highly varied and inconsistent usage of
terms by the knowledge technology community in the area of knowledge-level
modelling. It is arguably difficult or impossible for any standard
set of terms and definitions to be agreed on. However, de facto
standard usage is already emerging within and across certain segments
of the community. This is very difficult to see, however, especially
for newcomers to the field. It is the goal of this paper to identify
and reflect the most common usage of terms as currently found in
the literature. To this end, we introduce and define the concept
of a knowledge level model, comparing how the term is used today
with Newell's original usage. We distinguish two major types of
knowledge level model: ontologies and problem solving models. We
describe what an ontology is, what they may be used for and how
they are represented. We distinguish various kinds of ontologies
and define a number of additional related concepts. We describe
what is meant by a problem solving model, what they are used for,
and attempt to clarify some terminological confusion that exists
in the literature. We define what is meant by the term ?problem?,
and some common notions used to characterise and represent problems.
We introduce and describe the ideas of tasks, problem solving methods
and a variety of other important related concepts.
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