%0 Journal Article %1 Billings1968 %A Billings, W. D. %A Mooney, H. A. %D 1968 %J Biological Reviews %K alpine, arctic, balance, bibtex-import, citeulikeExport heat, microclimate, papercopy, sugars, temperature %P 481--529 %T The Ecology of Arctic and Alpine Plants %V 43

@article{Billings1968, added-at = {2019-03-31T01:14:40.000+0100}, author = {Billings, W. D. and Mooney, H. A.}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/28ba2ec92cff5f37eb0bafdc41c138204/dianella}, citeulike-article-id = {1523619}, comment = {(private-note)Most of the first year?s growth goes into root development. Alpine (and arctic) plants show rapid shoot growth after snowmelt. (*of course, unimportant in SA. Speed is not as much of an issue) (*Maybe not so important in the Aussie alps: maybe 2-3x longer growing season) These plants seem to have ample phenotypic plasticity in metabolism, and this is a large part of why they can do well in such environments Storage is important: principally starches, sugars and lipids There seems to be a close relationship between sugar content and cold resistance Metabolism at low temperatures in the growing season important. (*perhaps SA more adapted to this than Aussie alps? *does Heard get covered with snow or not?) dark respiration is higher at all temperatures, photosynthetic optima at lower temperatures Microenvironment is pronounced effects ? In an open vegetation radiation reaches and leaves the ground in large quantities, where in sedge and grass turf communities there?s insulation. Ridges and open fell-fields plants need to be better adapted to drought. Microclimate within the plant crown may be different again. Heat energy convected into the layer just above the canopy. ?Phytomicroclimate?? is more pronounced in the sun, rather than on overcast or misty days. Postulate: Arctic and Alpine annuals may have higher resp and Ps rates than perennials. (to get their lifecycle completed quickly) Less chlorophyll in alpine plants than arctic ones (genetic and enval reasons) Higher solar radiation intensities in alps. -Photodestruction? -- greater reflectance in paler leaves: involved in heat balance? Anthocyanin buildup in Alpine plants (not arctic). -a sink for excess sugar during cool, bright periods? Or under Poor nitrogen/phosphorous? -UV protection? -Absorption of energy at other wavelengths, increasing leaf temperature? No evidence as yet (back then) New Zealand DAILY productivity is lower than in the northern hemisphere because of the lower daytime temperatures, but the growing season is longer, so the annual productivity is similar.}, interhash = {d38e71de5d0e65bdef6e593d86fcfac4}, intrahash = {8ba2ec92cff5f37eb0bafdc41c138204}, journal = {Biological Reviews}, keywords = {alpine, arctic, balance, bibtex-import, citeulikeExport heat, microclimate, papercopy, sugars, temperature}, pages = {481--529}, posted-at = {2007-07-31 06:06:39}, priority = {2}, timestamp = {2019-03-31T01:16:26.000+0100}, title = {{The Ecology of Arctic and Alpine Plants}}, volume = 43, year = 1968 }