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The Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem in Nonequilibrium Steady States

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Abstract Book of the XXIII IUPAP International Conference on Statistical Physics, Genova, Italy, (9-13 July 2007)

Abstract

In the linear response regime near equilibrium, the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) connects the equilibrium correlation function of thermally driven fluctuations with the response of the system to a small external perturbation. For systems driven beyond the linear response regime, the FDT in general breaks down. Studying both theoretically and experimentally a paradigmatic single colloidal particle moving in a periodic potential, we discuss the close connection between the violation of the velocity FDT and the violation of detailed balance. We derive an explicit expression for this violation implying a generalized Einstein relation, which is tested experimentally. The equilibrium form of the FDT can be restored when measuring velocity fluctuations with respect to the local mean, suggesting an appealing modification of Onsager's regression principle for nonequilibrium steady states.

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