Article,

Molecular Pathology In Lung Cancer: A Brief Review

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International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports, 3 (1): 10-15 (January 2019)
DOI: 10.5455/IJMRCR.MOLECULAR-PATHOLOGY-IN-LUNG-CANCER

Abstract

Lung cancer is a heterogeneous malignancy caused by the accumulation of multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations, as well as environmental contaminants. In the past decade, targetable specific molecular alterations have been identified, and significant advancements have been made in the treatment and survival of these patients. In recent years, many laboratories have performed analyses of molecular changes related to sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as EGFR gene mutations and ALK/ROS gene rearrangements, in cases of advanced non-small cell carcinomas in accordance with the recommendations of international guidelines. Recommendations include including BRAF, MET, RET, HER2, and KRAS genes in next-generation sequencing panels and analysing EGFR T790M mutations associated with tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance. As knowledge and research about genes and mechanisms increase, laboratory tests for the markers that play a role in patient selection will be determined and analysed. The review aims to summarize clinically important information about these genes and discuss recommended methods for their analysis based on guideline information.

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