%0 Journal Article %1 Woollacott1996 %A Woollacott, M. H. %A Burtner, P. %D 1996 %J Acta Paediatr Suppl %K Cerebral Palsy; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Motor Activity; Muscle, Skeletal; Musculoskeletal Equilibrium; Reference Values %P 58--62 %T Neural and musculoskeletal contributions to the development of stance balance control in typical children and in children with cerebral palsy. %V 416 %X Studies on the development of automatic postural responses in both typically developing children and children with cerebral palsy were performed. With the appearance of "pull-to-stand" behavior, typically developing children first began to show muscle responses to platform movements in mainly the ankle muscles. With increased development, additional agonist muscles were added to the response pattern and a consistent distal to proximal sequence began to emerge. Well-organized responses were seen with the onset of independent stance and walking, along with the reduction of antagonist muscle co-activation. The older children with cerebral palsy who were pre-walkers had immature muscle activation patterns like those seen in the typically developing children at the pull-to-stand stage of development. These included disorganized muscle responses and increased frequency of coactivation of both proximal-distal and agonist-antagonist muscles. In order to determine if musculoskeletal constraints contributed to these response patterns, normal children were asked to stand in a crouched posture similar to that of children with CP. This caused postural muscle response patterns to more closely approximate those of children with spastic diplegia.

@article{Woollacott1996, abstract = {Studies on the development of automatic postural responses in both typically developing children and children with cerebral palsy were performed. With the appearance of "pull-to-stand" behavior, typically developing children first began to show muscle responses to platform movements in mainly the ankle muscles. With increased development, additional agonist muscles were added to the response pattern and a consistent distal to proximal sequence began to emerge. Well-organized responses were seen with the onset of independent stance and walking, along with the reduction of antagonist muscle co-activation. The older children with cerebral palsy who were pre-walkers had immature muscle activation patterns like those seen in the typically developing children at the pull-to-stand stage of development. These included disorganized muscle responses and increased frequency of coactivation of both proximal-distal and agonist-antagonist muscles. In order to determine if musculoskeletal constraints contributed to these response patterns, normal children were asked to stand in a crouched posture similar to that of children with CP. This caused postural muscle response patterns to more closely approximate those of children with spastic diplegia.}, added-at = {2014-07-19T21:57:26.000+0200}, author = {Woollacott, M. H. and Burtner, P.}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2b3f9b6447443adf302dc790f8727bf81/ar0berts}, groups = {public}, interhash = {f19cc508ac2e7fa0f84396f81ee45e20}, intrahash = {b3f9b6447443adf302dc790f8727bf81}, journal = {Acta Paediatr Suppl}, keywords = {Cerebral Palsy; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Motor Activity; Muscle, Skeletal; Musculoskeletal Equilibrium; Reference Values}, month = Oct, pages = {58--62}, pmid = {8997450}, timestamp = {2014-07-19T21:57:26.000+0200}, title = {Neural and musculoskeletal contributions to the development of stance balance control in typical children and in children with cerebral palsy.}, username = {ar0berts}, volume = 416, year = 1996 }