Article,

A probability density function for the beam transmittance

, and .
Solar Energy, 40 (5): 463--467 (1988)

Abstract

This article examines the statistical distribution of beam radiation. An empirical equation is presented that models the probability density function (PDF) of monthly sets of the hourly beam atmospheric transmittance, kb, taken at a fixed time of day. The equation is derived from data from Toronto, but it applies almost as well to Winnipeg, Charlottetown, and Vancouver, which have very different climates, and there is an expectation that it may be universal. The parameters of the PDF equation are the air mass and the mean value of kb. At fixed values of these parameters, the equation shows a bimodai distribution that is fitted by a "spike" at kb 0 and a cubic polynomial for larger kb.

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