%0 Journal Article %1 Zolotov2003 %A Zolotov, M. Y. %A Shock, E. L. %D 2003 %J Journal of Geophysical Research-Planets %K imported %N E4 %P 5022 %T Energy for biologic sulfate reduction in a hydrothermally formed ocean on Europa %V 108 %X 1 Formation of a sulfate-bearing ocean on Jupiter's satellite Europa by quenched hydrothermal fluids provides a source of metabolic energy for low-temperature sulfate-reducing organisms that use dissolved H-2 as an electron donor. Inhibition of thermodynamically favorable sulfate reduction in cooled hydrothermal fluids creates the potential for biologic reduction. Both high temperature and reduced conditions of ocean-forming hydrothermal solutions favor sulfate reduction in quenched fluids. The maximum amount of energy available to support autotrophic sulfate reduction is on the order of a few kilojoules per kilogram of water and is limited by the low abundances of either H-2 or sulfate in ocean-forming fluids. Although this irreplaceable energy source might have supported early life on Europa, maintenance of biologic sulfate reduction throughout the ocean's history would require a supply of organic compounds from endogenic sources or from the satellite's surface.

@article{Zolotov2003, abstract = {[1] Formation of a sulfate-bearing ocean on Jupiter's satellite Europa by quenched hydrothermal fluids provides a source of metabolic energy for low-temperature sulfate-reducing organisms that use dissolved H-2 as an electron donor. Inhibition of thermodynamically favorable sulfate reduction in cooled hydrothermal fluids creates the potential for biologic reduction. Both high temperature and reduced conditions of ocean-forming hydrothermal solutions favor sulfate reduction in quenched fluids. The maximum amount of energy available to support autotrophic sulfate reduction is on the order of a few kilojoules per kilogram of water and is limited by the low abundances of either H-2 or sulfate in ocean-forming fluids. Although this irreplaceable energy source might have supported early life on Europa, maintenance of biologic sulfate reduction throughout the ocean's history would require a supply of organic compounds from endogenic sources or from the satellite's surface.}, added-at = {2009-11-03T20:21:25.000+0100}, author = {Zolotov, M. Y. and Shock, E. L.}, bdsk-file-1 = {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}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2c03a2f78ea6811470bef968aaf98d55b/svance}, citedreferences = {AMEND JP, 2001, FEMS MICROBIOL REV, V25, P175 ; ANDERSON JD, 1996, Nature, V384, P541 ; ANDERSON JD, 1998, Science, V281, P2019 ; BARNES I, 1969, GEOL SOC AM BULL, V80, P1947 ; BREARLEY AJ, 1998, PLANETARY MAT REV MI, V36, P1 ; CHYBA CF, 2001, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V98, P801 ; DHONDT S, 2002, Science, V295, P2067 ; FANALE FP, 2000, J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET, V105, P22647 ; JAKOSKY BM, 1998, J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET, V103, P19359 ; JANECKY DR, 1986, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V50, P1357 ; JOVE CF, 1992, WATER ROCK INTERACTI, P1511 ; KARGEL JS, 2000, Icarus, V148, P226 ; KELLEY DS, 2001, Nature, V412, P145 ; KEMPE S, 2002, Astrobiology, V2, P123 ; KIVELSON MG, 2002, Icarus, V157, P507 ; MCCOLLOM TM, 1997, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V61, P4375 ; MCCOLLOM TM, 1999, J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET, V104, P30729 ; MCCORD TB, 1999, J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET, V104, P11827 ; MCCORD TB, 2001, Science, V292, P1523 ; MCCORD TB, 2002, J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET, V107 ; OHMOTO H, 1982, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V46, P1727 ; ROSENBERG ND, 2001, METEORIT PLANET SCI, V36, P239 ; RYZHENKO BN, 2000, GEOCHEM INT+, V38, P560 ; SCHROEDER T, 2002, Geology, V30, P367 ; SCHULZEMAKUCH D, 2002, Astrobiology, V2, P105 ; SHOCK EL, 1989, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V53, P2157 ; SHOCK EL, 1997, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V61, P907 ; SHOCK EL, 1998, J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET, V103, P28513 ; WETZEL LR, 2000, J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA, V105, P8319 ; ZOLOTOV MY, 2000, J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA, V105, P539 ; ZOLOTOV MY, 2001, LUNAR PLANET SCI, V32}, date-modified = {2007-12-05 11:02:09 -0800}, interhash = {fbb2a67d3ae32e0bef5d47c8614d90f0}, intrahash = {c03a2f78ea6811470bef968aaf98d55b}, journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Planets}, keywords = {imported}, local-url = {file://localhost/Users/svance/Documents/1_Library/Zolotov2003.pdf}, number = {E4}, owner = {svance}, pages = 5022, timestamp = {2009-11-03T20:22:21.000+0100}, title = {Energy for biologic sulfate reduction in a hydrothermally formed ocean on Europa}, volume = 108, year = 2003 }