Article,

Effects of inclination angle on natural convection in enclosures filled with Cu–water nanofluid

, and .
International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, (March 2009)
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2009.02.001

Abstract

Effects of inclination angle on natural convection heat transfer and fluid flow in a two-dimensional enclosure filled with Cu-nanofluid has been analyzed numerically. The performance of nanofluids is tested inside an enclosure by taking into account the solid particle dispersion. The angle of inclination is used as a control parameter for flow and heat transfer. It was varied from  = 0° to  = 120°. The governing equations are solved with finite-volume technique for the range of Rayleigh numbers as 10 3     Ra    10 5 . It is found that the effect of nanoparticles concentration on Nusselt number is more pronounced at low volume fraction than at high volume fraction. Inclination angle can be a control parameter for nanofluid filled enclosure. Percentage of heat transfer enhancement using nanoparticles decreases for higher Rayleigh numbers.

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