Dynamic Networks Everything I described so far is common to CSP (Communicating Sequential Processes) and the Actor model. Here’s what makes actors more general: Connections between actors are dynamic. Unlike processes in CSP, actors may establish communication channels dynamically. They may pass messages containing references to actors (or mailboxes). They can then send messages to those actors. Here’s a Scala example: receive { case (name: String, actor: Actor) => actor ! lookup(name) } The original message is a tuple combining a string and an actor object. The receiver sends the result of lookup(name) to the actor it has just learned about. Thus a new communication channel between the receiver and the unknown actor can be established at runtime. (In Kilim the same is possible by passing mailboxes via messages.)
This package is the backport of java.util.concurrent API, introduced in Java 5.0 and further refined in Java 6.0, to older Java platforms. The backport is based on public-domain sources from the JSR 166 CVS repository, the dl.util.concurrent package, and
A collection of Concurrent and Highly Scalable Utilities. These are intended as direct replacements for the java.util.* or java.util.concurrent.* collections but with better performance when many CPUs are using the collection concurrently.
The Java™ programming language made starting a new thread easier than ever before. But freeing your concurrent programs of obscure bugs is a different matter, and Java's programming model might not be the best available. A language called Erlang is getting some good press now in the areas of concurrency, distributed systems, and soft real-time systems.
Candygram is a Python implementation of Erlang concurrency primitives. Erlang is widely respected for its elegant built-in facilities for concurrent programming. This package attempts to emulate those facilities as closely as possible in Python. With Candygram, developers can send and receive messages between threads using semantics nearly identical to those in the Erlang language.
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