In this work, we present a universal whitening algorithm using n-qubit permutation matrices to
remove the imperfections in commercial random number generators without compression. Specifically, we demonstrate the efficacy of our algorithm in several categories of random number generators
and its comparison with cryptographic hash functions and block ciphers.
Finally, we calculate the number of physical qubits required to break the 256-bit elliptic curve encryption of keys in the Bitcoin network within the small available time frame in which it would actually pose a threat to do so. It would require 317 × 106 physical qubits to break the encryption within one hour using the surface code, a code cycle time of 1 μs, a reaction time of 10 μs, and a physical gate error of 10-3. To instead break the encryption within one day, it would require 13 × 106 physical qubits.