I don’t know whether you said that a CEP application must necessarily have a model. It may have, or it may not. A rule-based approach (in its general acceptation) is not considered as a model. In the AI terminology, rules are considered as “shallow knowledge”, while models are considered as “deep knowledge”. Shallow knowledge expresses the people’s experience, links symptoms to causes directly, while deep knowledge establishes the links using a model, and the model can be interpreted. Shallow knowledge is very helpful in many cases, and as deep knowledge it also allows detecting situations. Of course, the cooperation of both is desirable to build more powerful systems. I did a rapid search, and below are 3 entries for reference:
C. Gilbert. Eighth International Conference on Weblogs and Social Media (ICWSM-14). Available at (20/04/16) http://comp. social. gatech. edu/papers/icwsm14. vader. hutto. pdf, (2014)
D. Nguyen, D. Nguyen, and S. Pham. Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Other Applications of Applied Intelligent Systems, page 156-165. Springer-Verlag LNCS/LNAI, (2012)
D. Nguyen, D. Nguyen, and S. Pham. Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Other Applications of Applied Intelligent Systems, page 699-708. Springer-Verlag LNCS/LNAI, (2012)
E. Leonardi, F. Abel, D. Heckmann, E. Herder, J. Hidders, and G. Houben. Proceedings of 10th International Conference on Web Engineering (ICWE 2010), Vienna, Austria, July 5-9, 2010, volume 6189 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, page 322-336. Springer, (2010)
P. Kluegl, M. Atzmueller, and F. Puppe. Proceedings of the Biennial GSCL Conference 2009, 2nd UIMA@GSCL Workshop, page 233-240. Gunter Narr Verlag, (2009)
L. Zhu, M. Staples, and V. Tosic. 12th International IEEE Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference, 2008. EDOC '08, page 24--30. IEEE, (September 2008)
D. Kim, H. Cao, K. Jeong, F. Recknagel, and G. Joo. Ecological Modelling, 203 (1-2):
147--156(24 April 2007)Special Issue on Ecological Informatics:
Biologically-Inspired Machine Learning, 4th Conference
of the International Society for Ecological
Informatics.
T. Weise, M. Zapf, and K. Geihs. Proceedings of BIONETICS 2007, 2nd International
Conference on Bio-Inspired Models of Network,
Information, and Computing Systems, Radisson SAS Beke Hotel, 43. Terez krt., Budapest
H-1067, Hungary, Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics
and Telecommunications Engineering (ICST), IEEE, ACM, (December 2007)