I don’t know whether you said that a CEP application must necessarily have a model. It may have, or it may not. A rule-based approach (in its general acceptation) is not considered as a model. In the AI terminology, rules are considered as “shallow knowledge”, while models are considered as “deep knowledge”. Shallow knowledge expresses the people’s experience, links symptoms to causes directly, while deep knowledge establishes the links using a model, and the model can be interpreted. Shallow knowledge is very helpful in many cases, and as deep knowledge it also allows detecting situations. Of course, the cooperation of both is desirable to build more powerful systems. I did a rapid search, and below are 3 entries for reference:
C. Gilbert. Eighth International Conference on Weblogs and Social Media (ICWSM-14). Available at (20/04/16) http://comp. social. gatech. edu/papers/icwsm14. vader. hutto. pdf, (2014)
L. Zhu, M. Staples, и V. Tosic. 12th International IEEE Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference, 2008. EDOC '08, стр. 24--30. IEEE, (сентября 2008)
D. Nguyen, D. Nguyen, и S. Pham. Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Other Applications of Applied Intelligent Systems, стр. 156-165. Springer-Verlag LNCS/LNAI, (2012)
D. Nguyen, D. Nguyen, и S. Pham. Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Other Applications of Applied Intelligent Systems, стр. 699-708. Springer-Verlag LNCS/LNAI, (2012)
E. Leonardi, F. Abel, D. Heckmann, E. Herder, J. Hidders, и G. Houben. Proceedings of 10th International Conference on Web Engineering (ICWE 2010), Vienna, Austria, July 5-9, 2010, том 6189 из Lecture Notes in Computer Science, стр. 322-336. Springer, (2010)
P. Kluegl, M. Atzmueller, и F. Puppe. Proceedings of the Biennial GSCL Conference 2009, 2nd UIMA@GSCL Workshop, стр. 233-240. Gunter Narr Verlag, (2009)
W. Pedrycz, и M. Reformat. Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary
Computation Conference (GECCO-2001), стр. 1389--1396. San Francisco, California, USA, Morgan Kaufmann, (7-11 July 2001)