Increasing understanding of the brain and associated advances in technologies to study it will enable improved treatment of neurodegenerative diseases & mental illnesses. But these advances will also increase our insights into normal human behaviour and mental wellbeing, as well as giving the possibility of other enhancement, manipulation, and even degradation of brain function. These developments are likely to provide significant benefits for society, and they will also raise major social and ethical issues due to wide ranging applications. Brain research is likely to have implications for a diverse range of public policy areas such as health, education, law, & security. More broadly progress in neuroscience is going to raise questions about personality, identity, responsibility, & liberty. Brain Waves explores the potential & the limitations of neuroscience insights for policymaking, as well as the benefits and the risks posed by applications of neuroscience and neurotechnologies.