The atomic number uniquely identifies a chemical element. This discovery is thanked to the British physicist Henry Moseley, who justified this empirical and chemical concept of the atomic number also from physical laws.
Most people know American author Herman Melville only by his most famous novel, the story of Captain Ahab and his paranoid hunt for the white whale Moby Dick, but Herman Melville was a productive writer as well as an intrepid world traveller.
On this day in 1948, the New York Herald published the news that gold has been found in California causing thousands of people to try their luck and seek for gold.
On September 17, 1991, the Finnish student of computer science Linus Torwalds uploaded Linux kernel version 0.01 of his later to become famous operating system Linux to the ftp server ftp.funet.fi and made it publicly available.
On October 17, 1604, the famous German astronomer Johannes Kepler started his observations of the 1604 supernova, named after him as Kepler's Supernova or Kepler's Star.
On October 31, 1632, Dutch genre painter Johannes Vermeer was born in Delft. Vermeer always worked slowly and with great care, using bright colours and sometimes expensive pigments, with a preference for cornflower blue and yellow. He is particularly renowned for his masterly treatment and use of light in his work.
On November 30, 1835, famous American author Samuel Longhorn Clemens, better known by his pen name Mark Twain, was born in the tiny village of Florida, Missouri. He is most noted for his humorous novels about the mischievous boys Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn and their adventures on the mighty Mississippi River.
On December 10, 1851, Melvil Dewey, librarian and inventor of the Dewey Decimal classification system for libraries, the DDC (Dewey Decimal Classification), was born.
On December 19, 1859, US-american physicist Albert Abraham Michelson was born. Together with his colleague Edward Williams Morley he conducted an experiment that proved the by the time famous ether theory to be wrong and is considered to be one of the pilars of the theory of relativity.
On December 18, 1995, German engineer and computer pioneer Konrad Zuse passed away. He is renowned to have constructed the very functional program-controlled Turing-complete computer, the Z3, which became operational in May 1941.
On January 4, 1643, Sir Isaac Newton, famous physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist and theologian, was born. With his Principia he laid the foundation of modern classical mechanics.Besides he constructed the very first reflecting telescope and independent f Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz developed differential and integral calculus.
On January 19, 1839, French artist and Post-Impressionist painter Paul Cézanne was born. He laid the foundations of the transition from the 19th-century conception of artistic endeavour to a new and radically different world of art in the 20th century. Thus, Cézanne can be said to bridge between late 19th-century Impressionism and the early 20th century's Cubism.
On January 23, 1840, German physicist, optometrist, entrepreneur, and social reformer Ernst Abbe was born. Together with Otto Schott and Carl Zeiss, he laid the foundation of modern optics. As a co-owner of Carl Zeiss AG, a German manufacturer of research microscopes, astronomical telescopes, planetariums and other optical systems, Abbe developed numerous optical instruments.
On February 11, 1800, Henry Fox Talbot, British inventor and photography pioneer was born, who invented the calotype process, a precursor to photographic processes of the 19th and 20th centuries. Like other pioneers of early photography, Talbot not only was occupied with the processing technology, but also is known as an photographic artist. Moreover, Talbot's talents also extended to mathematics, astronomy, and archeology. Actually, he even participated in the translation of the cuneiform inscriptions from Nineveh.
On February 13, 1946, J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly introduced Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, or ENIAC, the first general purpose, electronic computer. ENIAC was a giant step forward in computing technology.
On March 12, 1784, English theologian, geologist and eccentric palaeontologist William Buckland was born, who wrote the first full account of a fossil dinosaur, which he named Megalosaurus.
On March 19, 1821, Sir Richard Francis Burton, British geographer, explorer, translator, writer, soldier, orientalist, cartographer, ethnologist, spy, linguist, poet, fencer and diplomat, was born. He was known for his travels and explorations within Asia, Africa and the Americas, as well as his extraordinary knowledge of languages and cultures, among them also his journey together with John Hanning Speke as the first Europeans to visit the Great Lakes of Africa in search of the source of the Nile.
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A. Garcia, M. Szomszor, H. Alani, und O. Corcho. Knowledge Capture (K-Cap'09) - First International Workshop on Collective Knowledge Capturing and Representation - CKCaR'09, (September 2009)
J. Hu, G. Wang, F. Lochovsky, J. tao Sun, und Z. Chen. WWW '09: Proceedings of the 18th international conference on World wide web, Seite 471--480. New York, NY, USA, ACM, (2009)
B. Kules, R. Capra, M. Banta, und T. Sierra. JCDL '09: Proceedings of the 9th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries, Seite 313--322. New York, NY, USA, ACM, (2009)
D. Milne, und I. Witten. CIKM '08: Proceeding of the 17th ACM conference on Information and knowledge management, Seite 509--518. New York, NY, USA, ACM, (2008)
R. Mihalcea, und A. Csomai. CIKM '07: Proceedings of the sixteenth ACM conference on Conference on information and knowledge management, Seite 233--242. New York, NY, USA, ACM, (2007)
P. Schonhofen. WI '06: Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence, Seite 456--462. Washington, DC, USA, IEEE Computer Society, (2006)
E. Gabrilovich, und S. Markovitch. AAAI'06: proceedings of the 21st national conference on Artificial intelligence, Seite 1301--1306. AAAI Press, (2006)