Abstract
We evaluated eight wheat (Triticum, aestivum L.) cultivars, Janz, Yitpi (high tillering), Silverstar, H45 (synchronous tillering), Drysdale, Gladius, Hartog, and Zebu (medium tillering) under different conditions in the Australian Grains Free Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (AGFACE) facility. The interacting effects of carbon dioxide (ambient aCO2 \~380 ppm, elevated eCO2 \~550 ppm), water supply (RainFed, irrigated) and higher temperatures during grain filling on plant growth, grain yield and yield components were investigated. Overall, above ground total plant dry mass (DM) increased by 25\% at eCO2. The responsiveness to eCO2 was varied during plant development, on an average 25, 19 and 31\% (P≤0.05) at tillering (DC30), anthesis (DC65) and maturity (DC90), respectively. Large interspecific variation in growth and yield response to elevated CO2 were observed, cultivar Zebu showed the highest grain yield stimulation eCO2 . Across all the treatments, grain yield was increased by 30\% at eCO2. Increase in grain yield at eCO2 was partly due to an increase in tiller number at maturity (16\%), single grain weight (9\%) and kernels per spike (6\%) by eCO2.
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