Abstract
We discuss the spectral energy distributions and physical properties of six
galaxies whose photometric redshifts suggest they lie beyond a redshift
$z\simeq$9. Each was selected on account of a prominent excess seen in the
Spitzer/IRAC 4.5$\mu$m band which, for a redshift above $z=9.0$, likely
indicates the presence of a rest-frame Balmer break and a stellar component
that formed earlier than a redshift $z\simeq10$. In addition to constraining
the earlier star formation activity on the basis of fits using stellar
population models with BAGPIPES, we have undertaken the necessary, but
challenging, follow-up spectroscopy for each candidate using various
combinations of Keck/MOSFIRE, VLT/X-shooter, Gemini/FLAMINGOS2 and ALMA. Based
on either Lyman-$\alpha$ or OIII 88 $\mu$m emission, we determine a
convincing redshift of $z$=8.78 for GN-z-10-3 and a likely redshift of $z$=9.28
for the lensed galaxy MACS0416-JD. For GN-z9-1, we conclude the case remains
promising for a source beyond $z\simeq$9. Together with earlier spectroscopic
data for MACS1149-JD1, our analysis of this enlarged sample provides further
support for a cosmic star formation history extending beyond redshifts
$z\simeq$10. We use our best-fit stellar population models to reconstruct the
past rest-frame UV luminosities of our sources and discuss the implications for
tracing earlier progenitors of such systems with the James Webb Space
Telescope.
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