Abstract
One-on-one, face-to-face, expert human tutoring is both highly effective and highly interactive. It is often thought that the effectiveness is due to the interactivity.
Although this hypothesis has strongly influenced of educational technology, learning
theory and important decisions by schools and parents, relatively few studies have tested it experimentally. A review of those studies found that although highly
interactive tutoring was more effective than low-interaction instruction, as expected, it was not more effective than moderately interactive instruction. In particular, a widely available technology, step-based tutoring systems, was often just as effective as expert human tutors. That is, the benefits of tutorial interactivity appear to be non-linear. As interactivity increase, effectiveness plateaus.
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