Abstract
Despite the fact that the Ly$\alpha$ line is an important diagnostic for star
formation at high redshift, the interpretation of its flux and line profile is
difficult due to its resonance nature. Trends between the escape of Ly$\alpha$
photons and dust and ISM properties have been found, but detailed comparisons
between Ly$\alpha$ emission and the properties of the gas in local high
redshift analogues are vital to understand the relation between Ly$\alpha$
emission and galaxy properties. For the first time we can directly infer the
properties of the ionized gas at the same location and comparable spatial
scales of the extended Ly$\alpha$ halo around ESO 338-IG04. VLT/MUSE integral
field spectra have been obtained. We use ionization parameter mapping of the
SII/OIII line ratio and the kinematics of H$\alpha$ to study the ionization
state and kinematics of the interstellar medium of ESO 338. The velocity map
reveals two outflows. The entire central area of the galaxy is highly ionized
by photons leaking from the HII regions around the youngest star clusters.
Three highly ionized cones have been identified, of which one is associated
with an outflow detected in the H$\alpha$. We propose a scenario where the
outflows are created by mechanical feedback of the older clusters, while the
highly ionized gas is caused by the hard ionizing photons emitted by the
youngest clusters. A comparison with the Ly$\alpha$ map shows that the
(approximately bipolar) asymmetries observed in the Ly$\alpha$ emission are
consistent with the base of the outflows detected in H$\alpha$. No clear
correlation with the ionization cones is found. The mechanical and ionization
feedback of star clusters significantly changes the state of the ISM by
creating ionized cones and outflows. The comparison with Ly$\alpha$ suggests
that especially the outflows could facilitate the escape of Ly$\alpha$ photons.
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