Abstract
El sector del reconocimiento y ejecuci?n de resoluciones en materia
civil y mercantil se caracteriza en el ?mbito comunitario por los
significativos logros conseguidos y por hallarse en plena evoluci?n.
Pieza esencial de la transformaci?n reciente ha sido la adopci?n
de instrumentos que contemplan la ejecuci?n intracomunitaria de resoluciones
sin necesidad de exequ?tur. El modelo de supresi?n del exequ?tur
instaurado en el Reglamento 805/2004, por el que se crea un t?tulo
ejecutivo europeo, se basa en la eliminaci?n de controles en el Estado
requerido, que se trasladan al Estado de origen o se suprimen. Este
planteamiento ha resultado especialmente controvertido en relaci?n
con la supresi?n del orden p?blico y del control de las garant?as
procesales en el Estado requerido. De cara a la mejora de ese modelo
podr?a resultar apropiado un enfoque respetuoso con la posibilidad
de diferenciar entre la total supresi?n del procedimiento de exequ?tur
y la presencia de ciertos controles espec?ficos en la fase de ejecuci?n
en el Estado requerido, como de hecho sucede en el art?culo 21 Reglamento
805/2004 con el control de la compatibilidad de la decisi?n que pretende
ejecutarse con resoluciones anteriores. Clave en la evoluci?n futura
de la legislaci?n comunitaria en la materia debe ser tambi?n la regulaci?n
del reconocimiento y ejecuci?n de decisiones procedentes de terceros
Estados. La capacidad de la Comunidad para llevar a cabo esa tarea
y el impacto de la conclusi?n de convenios internacionales en la
materia sobre las legislaciones de los Estados miembros y los convenios
internacionales por ellos celebrados plantean cuestiones de especial
inter?s. ---- Although mutual recognition of judgments in civil and
commercial matters in the EU has achieved significant progress it
is still a very dynamic field of the law. A key factor in its most
recent evolution has been the enactment of EU measures that make
possible the enforcement in all Member States of judgments given
in another Member State without any special procedure to declare
the foreign judgment enforceable. The abolition of exequatur of civil
and commercial decisions according to the model of Regulation 805/2004
that creates a European enforcement order for uncontested claims
is based on the suppression of all controls by the authorities of
the Member State in which enforcement is sought. Such a model and
its possible extension to other areas have become very controversial
as regards the control of public policy and procedural guarantees.
To improve that model it could be useful a better understanding of
the distinction between the total abolition of an exequatur procedure
and the possibility to establish certain specific controls in the
framework of the enforcement procedure, as art. 21 Regulation 805/2004
already admits to ensure that the decision is not irreconcilable
with an earlier judgment. Moreover, a key issue in the evolution
of Community legislation in this area should be the establishment
of uniform provisions on the recognition and enforcement of decisions
adopted in third countries. The EU ability and resources to carry
out such a demanding task and the coordination of the conclusi?n
of internacional conventionsin in that field by the Community with
the rules enacted in the Member States and internacional conventions
concluded by them raise very interesting issues.
- abolition
- and
- area,
- civil
- commercial
- de
- decisiones
- del
- ejecuci?n
- enforcement
- espacio
- estados,
- european
- europeo,
- exequ?tur,
- exequatur,
- extranjeras,
- foreign
- judgments
- judgments,
- judicial
- justice
- materia
- matters,
- mercantil,
- mutual
- mutuo,
- of
- recognition
- recognition,
- reconocimiento
- supresi?n
- terceros
- third-country
- y
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