Article,

Fluctuations and Response in Granular Gases: Validity and Failure of Einstein Relation.

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THE XV INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON RHEOLOGY: The Society of Rheology 80th Annual Meeting, 1027 (1): 911-913 (2008)
DOI: 10.1063/1.2964891

Abstract

The linear response in different models of driven granular gases is studied. In some situations, even if the the velocity statistics can be strongly non-Gaussian, appreciable violations of the Einstein formula for diffusion versus mobility cannot be observed. The situation changes when correlations between different degrees of freedom are present: in this case, although a form of fluctuation-dissipation relation holds, the differential velocity response of a particle and its velocity self-correlation are no more proportional. This happens at high densities, strong inelasticities, or weak efficiency of the external driving, but still in the fluid-like (and ergodic) regime.

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