TNT Equivalency methods are widely used for vapour cloud explosion
blast modeling. Presently, however, other types of models are available
which do not have the fundamental objections TNT Equivalency models
have. TNO Multi-Energy method is increasingly accepted as a more
reasonable alternative to be used as a simple and practical method.
Computer codes based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) like AutoReaGas,
developed by TNO and Century Dynamics, could be used also in case
a more rigorous analysis is required. Application of the Multi-Energy
method requires knowledge of two parameters describing the explosion:
a charge size and a charge strength. During the last years, research
has led to an improved determination of the charge strength (i.e.,
the class number or source overpressure) to be chosen to apply the
blast charts. A correlation has been derived relating the charge
strength to a set of parameters describing the boundary conditions
of the flammable cloud and the fuel in the cloud. A simple approach
may not be satisfactory in all situations. The overpressure distribution
inside a vapour cloud explosion is generally not homogeneous and
the presence of obstructions causes directional blast propagation
in the near field. A CFD approach, in which the actual situation
is modeled, supplies case-specific results. An overview of the key
aspects relevant to the application of the Multi-Energy method and
CFD modeling is provided. Then the application of the two methods
is demonstrated for an example problem involving the calculation
of the explosion blast load on a structure at some distance from
the explosion in an offshore platform complex.
%0 Journal Article
%1 Mercx:2000
%A Mercx, W. P. M.
%A van den Berg, A. C.
%A Hayhurst, C. J.
%A Robertson, N. J.
%A Moran, K. C.
%D 2000
%J Journal of Hazardous Materials
%K Blast Explosion Quantitative Source Vapour analysis, cloud explosion, prediction prediction, risk simulation, term
%N 1-3
%P 301--319
%R http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3894(99)00085-0
%T Developments in vapour cloud explosion blast modeling
%U http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TGF-3YJYG0W-M/2/49742dd420dc0b7fde45873922ff5a3d
%V 71
%X TNT Equivalency methods are widely used for vapour cloud explosion
blast modeling. Presently, however, other types of models are available
which do not have the fundamental objections TNT Equivalency models
have. TNO Multi-Energy method is increasingly accepted as a more
reasonable alternative to be used as a simple and practical method.
Computer codes based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) like AutoReaGas,
developed by TNO and Century Dynamics, could be used also in case
a more rigorous analysis is required. Application of the Multi-Energy
method requires knowledge of two parameters describing the explosion:
a charge size and a charge strength. During the last years, research
has led to an improved determination of the charge strength (i.e.,
the class number or source overpressure) to be chosen to apply the
blast charts. A correlation has been derived relating the charge
strength to a set of parameters describing the boundary conditions
of the flammable cloud and the fuel in the cloud. A simple approach
may not be satisfactory in all situations. The overpressure distribution
inside a vapour cloud explosion is generally not homogeneous and
the presence of obstructions causes directional blast propagation
in the near field. A CFD approach, in which the actual situation
is modeled, supplies case-specific results. An overview of the key
aspects relevant to the application of the Multi-Energy method and
CFD modeling is provided. Then the application of the two methods
is demonstrated for an example problem involving the calculation
of the explosion blast load on a structure at some distance from
the explosion in an offshore platform complex.
@article{Mercx:2000,
abstract = {TNT Equivalency methods are widely used for vapour cloud explosion
blast modeling. Presently, however, other types of models are available
which do not have the fundamental objections TNT Equivalency models
have. TNO Multi-Energy method is increasingly accepted as a more
reasonable alternative to be used as a simple and practical method.
Computer codes based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) like AutoReaGas,
developed by TNO and Century Dynamics, could be used also in case
a more rigorous analysis is required. Application of the Multi-Energy
method requires knowledge of two parameters describing the explosion:
a charge size and a charge strength. During the last years, research
has led to an improved determination of the charge strength (i.e.,
the class number or source overpressure) to be chosen to apply the
blast charts. A correlation has been derived relating the charge
strength to a set of parameters describing the boundary conditions
of the flammable cloud and the fuel in the cloud. A simple approach
may not be satisfactory in all situations. The overpressure distribution
inside a vapour cloud explosion is generally not homogeneous and
the presence of obstructions causes directional blast propagation
in the near field. A CFD approach, in which the actual situation
is modeled, supplies case-specific results. An overview of the key
aspects relevant to the application of the Multi-Energy method and
CFD modeling is provided. Then the application of the two methods
is demonstrated for an example problem involving the calculation
of the explosion blast load on a structure at some distance from
the explosion in an offshore platform complex.},
added-at = {2010-01-05T23:12:10.000+0100},
author = {Mercx, W. P. M. and van den Berg, A. C. and Hayhurst, C. J. and Robertson, N. J. and Moran, K. C.},
biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/22e32975f6805f69b523eb33a4c24fc1b/sjp},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3894(99)00085-0},
interhash = {551d6f535442089dbf04c327eddfb940},
intrahash = {2e32975f6805f69b523eb33a4c24fc1b},
journal = {Journal of Hazardous Materials},
keywords = {Blast Explosion Quantitative Source Vapour analysis, cloud explosion, prediction prediction, risk simulation, term},
month = {January},
number = {1-3},
pages = {301--319},
timestamp = {2010-01-19T17:39:44.000+0100},
title = {Developments in vapour cloud explosion blast modeling},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TGF-3YJYG0W-M/2/49742dd420dc0b7fde45873922ff5a3d},
volume = 71,
year = 2000
}