%0 Journal Article %1 Anderson1995Observation %A Anderson, M. H. %A Ensher, J. R. %A Matthews, M. R. %A Wieman, C. E. %A Cornell, E. A. %D 1995 %I American Association for the Advancement of Science %J Science %K bec, condensed\_matter, experiment, historical %N 5221 %P 198--201 %R 10.1126/science.269.5221.198 %T Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor %U http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.269.5221.198 %V 269 %X A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled. The condensate fraction first appeared near a temperature of 170 nanokelvin and a number density of 2.5 x 1012 per cubic centimeter and could be preserved for more than 15 seconds. Three primary signatures of Bose-Einstein condensation were seen. (i) On top of a broad thermal velocity distribution, a narrow peak appeared that was centered at zero velocity. (ii) The fraction of the atoms that were in this low-velocity peak increased abruptly as the sample temperature was lowered. (iii) The peak exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.

@article{Anderson1995Observation, abstract = {A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled. The condensate fraction first appeared near a temperature of 170 nanokelvin and a number density of 2.5 x 1012 per cubic centimeter and could be preserved for more than 15 seconds. Three primary signatures of Bose-Einstein condensation were seen. (i) On top of a broad thermal velocity distribution, a narrow peak appeared that was centered at zero velocity. (ii) The fraction of the atoms that were in this low-velocity peak increased abruptly as the sample temperature was lowered. (iii) The peak exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.}, added-at = {2014-01-09T15:14:33.000+0100}, author = {Anderson, M. H. and Ensher, J. R. and Matthews, M. R. and Wieman, C. E. and Cornell, E. A.}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2a5f9b751fbd282b242e2ff17254ba53a/jaspervh}, citeulike-article-id = {2645067}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.269.5221.198}, citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/269/5221/198.abstract}, citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/269/5221/198.full.pdf}, citeulike-linkout-3 = {http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/269/5221/198}, citeulike-linkout-4 = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17789847}, citeulike-linkout-5 = {http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=17789847}, day = 14, doi = {10.1126/science.269.5221.198}, interhash = {87a53210f41fcef139fcb930471a3f8a}, intrahash = {a5f9b751fbd282b242e2ff17254ba53a}, issn = {1095-9203}, journal = {Science}, keywords = {bec, condensed\_matter, experiment, historical}, month = jul, number = 5221, pages = {198--201}, pmid = {17789847}, posted-at = {2011-07-22 11:08:56}, priority = {2}, publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science}, timestamp = {2014-01-09T15:14:33.000+0100}, title = {Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.269.5221.198}, volume = 269, year = 1995 }