Abstract
We extend our previous research on evolving the
physical forces which control particle swarms by
considering additional ingredients, such as the
velocity of the neighbourhood best and time, and
different neighbourhood topologies, namely the global
and local ones. We test the evolved extended PSOs
(XPSOs) on various classes of benchmark problems.
We show that evolutionary computation, and in
particular genetic programming (GP), can automatically
generate new PSO algorithms that outperform standard
PSOs designed by people as well as some previously
evolved ones.
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