Abstract
We present PHIBSS, the IRAM Plateau de Bure high-z blue sequence CO 3-2
survey of the molecular gas properties in normal star forming galaxies (SFGs)
near the cosmic star formation peak. PHIBSS provides 52 CO detections in two
redshift slices at z~1.2 and 2.2, with log(M*(M_solar))>10.4 and
log(SFR(M_solar/yr))>1.5. Including a correction for the incomplete coverage of
the M*-SFR plane, we infer average gas fractions of ~0.33 at z~1.2 and ~0.47 at
z~2.2. Gas fractions drop with stellar mass, in agreement with cosmological
simulations including strong star formation feedback. Most of the z~1-3 SFGs
are rotationally supported turbulent disks. The sizes of CO and UV/optical
emission are comparable. The molecular gas - star formation relation for the
z=1-3 SFGs is near-linear, with a ~0.7 Gyrs gas depletion timescale; changes in
depletion time are only a secondary effect. Since this timescale is much less
than the Hubble time in all SFGs between z~0 and 2, fresh gas must be supplied
with a fairly high duty cycle over several billion years. At given z and M*,
gas fractions correlate strongly with the specific star formation rate. The
variation of specific star formation rate between z~0 and 3 is mainly
controlled by the fraction of baryonic mass that resides in cold gas.
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