Abstract
We show that the susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) epidemic dynamics
running on the top of networks with a power law degree distribution can exhibit
multiple phase transitions. Three main transitions involving different
mechanisms responsible by sustaining the epidemics are identified: A short-term
epidemics concentrated around the most connected vertex; a long-term
(asymptotically stable) localized epidemics with a vanishing threshold; and an
endemic phase occurring at a finite threshold. The different transitions are
suited through different mean-field approaches. We finally show that the
multiple transitions are due to the activations of different domains of the
network that are observed in rapid (singular) variations of both stationary
density of infected vertices and the participation ratio against the infection
rate.
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