Abstract
The Katla volcano is covered by the Mýrdalsjökull ice cap
and is currently one of the most active volcanoes in Iceland. It
has erupted twenty times the past 1,100 years. The neighbouring volcano
Eyjafjallajökull has erupted twice, simultaneously with Katla.
As glaciers cover both volcanoes, their eruptions are phreato-magmatic
by nature. The volcanoes are located directly south of where surface
expressions of the rift cease. Seismically, Katla is one of the most
active volcanoes in Iceland, showing an annual cycle in activity,
observed from at least 1960 and less pronounced since 2004. From
1999 to late 2004, GPS measurements revealed steady inflation of
the volcano, showing uplift and outward horizontal displacement.
Until 1990s, Eyjafjallajökull had been seismically quiet for
several decades. Seismic activity there was high in 1994 and again
in 1999, related to the emplacement of two intrusions.
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