Abstract
Populations of the introduced Heracleum mantegazzianum consist of dense
central stands, which gradually give way to open stands towards the
margins. To analyse whether open stands are due to unsuitable
conditions or represent the invading front for further spread, we
studied life-cycle, population dynamics, stand structure and soil
conditions of open and dense stands over two transition periods.
Populations decreased during the first interval but increased after the
extremely dry and warm summer of 2003 during the second interval. Open
stands had shorter generation times, lower height, smaller proportions
of small individuals and were less in equilibrium with the environment
than dense stands. In open stands, growth to higher stages was most
important, while in dense stands delayed development (self-loops) had a
strong effect on population growth; stasis and fecundity contributed
most to the difference in lambda between stand types. By petiole
extension H. mantegazzianum may raise its
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