Abstract
To investigate the impact of future task demands on reaching, participants
performed
repetitive sagittal-plane reaches at low and high speeds. In a control
condition, they reached
from a start location to a target and back. In the experimental conditions,
they reached from
the start to the target, then to a second target (the location of
which varied between trials),
then back to the first target, and finally back to the start. Contributions
of the hip, shoulder,
and elbow to reaches made to the first target depended on the second
target's location, on
movement speed, and on repetition. Participants combined sustained
and transient postural
adjustments to minimize effort. The results support the knowledge
model of movement
selection (D. A. Rosenbaum, L. D. Loukopoulos, R. G. M. Meulenbroek,
J. Vaughan, & S. E.
Engelbreeht, 1995) but also call for its elaboration. Variants of
the model are explored
through simulations of the above study.
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