Аннотация
The question of exactly how science is commercialized is an important
one. While the social structures of "science" and "technology" are
distinctive, recent work suggests that scientific and technological
ideas in fact co-evolve. This paper addresses the dynamics of such
co-evolution: are scientific networks deeply co-mingled with networks
through which technology is created and if so how? It does so in
a study of an emerging area of biomedicine--tissue engineering. The
research is based on a novel methodology that takes advantage of
the fact that an idea is often inscribed in both a patent and paper,
thus forming a patent-paper pair. Starting with the pair, it is possible
to trace the citation network of patents, papers, inventors and authors,
combining traditional bibliometric analysis with in-depth interviews
to provide new insights. The results show that for this case there
exist distinctive scientific and technological networks. Furthermore,
while there is evidence of overlap, it is neither co-publishing nor
citation as might be predicted from current literature. Rather co-mingling
exists through founding, licensing, consulting and advising. This
has implications for our understanding of the processes through which
spillovers arise, the way in which commercialization and technology
transfer should be structured and for recent debates on conflict
of interest in biomedicine.
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