%0 Generic %1 nishimura2013intermediate %A NISHIMURA, I %A MITANI, T %A NEGISHI, T %D 2013 %K Cooker Developmental Field Frequency Health Heating Induction Intermediate Magnetic Reproductive Risk Toxicity and %T Intermediate frequency magnetic field exposure does not affect reproductive and developmental functions in the rat %X A source of intermediate frequency (IF: 300 Hz to 100 kHz) MFs in a living environment is induction heating (IH) cookers. Primary MF frequencies of these are from 20 to 90 kHz, and possible health risks of such MFs are not sufficiently evaluated yet. Among the possible risks, reproductive and developmental effects are a concern, because the IH cookers' hob is located close to a cook's reproductive organs. Male and female rats (24/group) were exposed to a 20 kHz, 0.20 mT(rms) or 60 kHz, 0.10 mT(rms) sinusoidal MF from prior to and during mating. Copulated females were exposed until gestation day-7. The exposure intensity of 0.20 mT is 7.4 times greater than that of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) exposure guideline, i.e., 0.027 mT. Mated males were examined for the effects on spermatogenesis. Reproductive examinations were blinded, and experiments were duplicated per frequency to ensure reproducibility. No statistically significant, exposurerelated changes were found in the estrous cycle, copulation and fertility indices, numbers of corpora lutea and implantation sites, or pre- and postimplantation loss. No reproducible changes were observed in sperm count, motility, or morphological abnormality, or in the weights of testes and epididymides. Obtained evidence indicates that MF exposure during the preimplantation period was not toxic to fertility or early embryogenesis. In addition, pregnant rats (25/group) were exposed to the same 20 kHz or 60 kHz MF from gestation day-7 to day- 17, and their fetuses were examined for malformations. No exposure-related changes were found in clinical signs, gross pathology, or number of implantation losses. The number of live fetuses and low-body-weight fetuses as well as the incidence of external, visceral, and skeletal malformations in the fetuses did not show significant influence attributed to the MF exposure. Although some fetuses showed changes in skeletal variation and ossification, such changes were neither reproduced in duplicate experiments. The results indicate that exposure of rats to IF MFs during organogenesis did not show significant reproducible teratogenicity. All together, no convincing adverse effects of IF MF exposure on rat reproductive and developmental systems were found under the experimental conditions. Further studies on toxicity and carcinogenicity will contribute to secure the safety on application of the IF MFs among general public.

@conference{nishimura2013intermediate, abstract = {A source of intermediate frequency (IF: 300 Hz to 100 kHz) MFs in a living environment is induction heating (IH) cookers. Primary MF frequencies of these are from 20 to 90 kHz, and possible health risks of such MFs are not sufficiently evaluated yet. Among the possible risks, reproductive and developmental effects are a concern, because the IH cookers' hob is located close to a cook's reproductive organs. Male and female rats (24/group) were exposed to a 20 kHz, 0.20 mT(rms) or 60 kHz, 0.10 mT(rms) sinusoidal MF from prior to and during mating. Copulated females were exposed until gestation day-7. The exposure intensity of 0.20 mT is 7.4 times greater than that of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) exposure guideline, i.e., 0.027 mT. Mated males were examined for the effects on spermatogenesis. Reproductive examinations were blinded, and experiments were duplicated per frequency to ensure reproducibility. No statistically significant, exposurerelated changes were found in the estrous cycle, copulation and fertility indices, numbers of corpora lutea and implantation sites, or pre- and postimplantation loss. No reproducible changes were observed in sperm count, motility, or morphological abnormality, or in the weights of testes and epididymides. Obtained evidence indicates that MF exposure during the preimplantation period was not toxic to fertility or early embryogenesis. In addition, pregnant rats (25/group) were exposed to the same 20 kHz or 60 kHz MF from gestation day-7 to day- 17, and their fetuses were examined for malformations. No exposure-related changes were found in clinical signs, gross pathology, or number of implantation losses. The number of live fetuses and low-body-weight fetuses as well as the incidence of external, visceral, and skeletal malformations in the fetuses did not show significant influence attributed to the MF exposure. Although some fetuses showed changes in skeletal variation and ossification, such changes were neither reproduced in duplicate experiments. The results indicate that exposure of rats to IF MFs during organogenesis did not show significant reproducible teratogenicity. All together, no convincing adverse effects of IF MF exposure on rat reproductive and developmental systems were found under the experimental conditions. Further studies on toxicity and carcinogenicity will contribute to secure the safety on application of the IF MFs among general public.}, added-at = {2021-02-12T11:44:38.000+0100}, author = {NISHIMURA, I and MITANI, T and NEGISHI, T}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2544287f35abf3baa6561bea103bc120f/chkokalis}, interhash = {1f69049a2c8af2f06b7d46086a78e767}, intrahash = {544287f35abf3baa6561bea103bc120f}, keywords = {Cooker Developmental Field Frequency Health Heating Induction Intermediate Magnetic Reproductive Risk Toxicity and}, timestamp = {2021-02-12T16:11:24.000+0100}, title = {Intermediate frequency magnetic field exposure does not affect reproductive and developmental functions in the rat}, year = 2013 }