PhD thesis,

Education for the Earth: Schools, science, and the social origins of global environmentalism

.
Stanford University, Ann Arbor, Ph.D., (2003)(ISSP).

Abstract

The last three decades have seen the emergence of a diverse global environmental movement. Social scientists have done much to explain the social distribution of environmentally damaging human activities, in terms of class, race, and location in the global economy, but have had less success in explaining social responses to environmental problems. How and why do nations differ in their responses to environmental problems? How and why do individuals' attitudes toward the environment differ? This dissertation presents an account of individual and national variation based on two arguments. The first is that mass education is a crucial ingredient shaping global environmentalism, because broad systems of mass education (A) encourage citizenship interest in politics, (B) increase general literacy, (C) promote individualism, and (D) increasingly incorporates ecological and scientific topics in school curricula. The second argument is that global environmentalism is bifurcated into two "types" or örders of justification": modern environmentalism, which embraces science; and postmodern environmentalisms, in which science is less central. In combination, these two arguments yield a series of hypotheses that are tested on public opinion data and data on the establishment of environmental organizations. Modern and postmodern environmentalisms turn out to have distinct social bases, and Western-style mass education plays a pivotal role in shaping each form of environmentalism.

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