%0 Journal Article %1 decker00 %A Decker, Stefan %A Melnik, Sergey %A v. van Harmelen, Frank %A Fensel, Dieter %A Klein, M. %A Broekstra, J. %A Erdmann, M. %A Horrocks, Ian %D 2000 %K web semantic rdf %T The Semantic Web: The Roles of XML and RDF %U http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~nernst/papers/sem-web-onto-2000.pdf %V IEEE Internet Computing %X The World Wide Web is possible because a set of widely established standards guarantees interoperability at various levels. Until now, the Web has been designed for direct human processing, but the next-generation Web, which Tim Berners-Lee and others call the ?Semantic Web,? aims at machine-processible information. The Semantic Web will enable intelligent services?such as information brokers, search agents, and information filters?which offer greater functionality and interoperability than current stand-alone services. The Semantic Web will only be possible once further levels of interoperability have been established. Standards must be defined not only for the syntactic form of documents, but also for their semantic content. Notable among recent W3C standardization efforts are XML/XML schema and RDF/RDF schema, which facilitate semantic interoperability. In this article, we explain the role of ontologies in the architecture of the Semantic Web. We then briefly summarize key elements of XML and RDF, showing why using XML as a tool for semantic interoperability will be ineffective in the long run. We argue that a further representation and inference layer is needed on top of the Web?s current layers, and to establish such a layer, we propose a general method for encoding ontology representation languages into RDF/RDF schema. We illustrate the extension method by applying it to Ontology Interchange Language (OIL), an ontology representation and inference language.

@article{decker00, abstract = {The World Wide Web is possible because a set of widely established standards guarantees interoperability at various levels. Until now, the Web has been designed for direct human processing, but the next-generation Web, which Tim Berners-Lee and others call the ?Semantic Web,? aims at machine-processible information. The Semantic Web will enable intelligent services?such as information brokers, search agents, and information filters?which offer greater functionality and interoperability than current stand-alone services. The Semantic Web will only be possible once further levels of interoperability have been established. Standards must be defined not only for the syntactic form of documents, but also for their semantic content. Notable among recent W3C standardization efforts are XML/XML schema and RDF/RDF schema, which facilitate semantic interoperability. In this article, we explain the role of ontologies in the architecture of the Semantic Web. We then briefly summarize key elements of XML and RDF, showing why using XML as a tool for semantic interoperability will be ineffective in the long run. We argue that a further representation and inference layer is needed on top of the Web?s current layers, and to establish such a layer, we propose a general method for encoding ontology representation languages into RDF/RDF schema. We illustrate the extension method by applying it to Ontology Interchange Language (OIL), an ontology representation and inference language.}, added-at = {2006-03-24T16:34:33.000+0100}, author = {Decker, Stefan and Melnik, Sergey and v. van Harmelen, Frank and Fensel, Dieter and Klein, M. and Broekstra, J. and Erdmann, M. and Horrocks, Ian}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2c8d85bb64758ac02cbf583ceaf779e3d/neilernst}, citeulike-article-id = {111801}, comment = {explains XML and RDF and RDFS, relations between them. Argues for OIL as necessary third tier. Analyses formats in three web requirements for a KR: universal expressiveness, syntactic interoperability, semantic interoperability. "To exchange XML documents, the domain mappings must be translated using mapping procedures such as XSL Transformations (XSLT) for grammars." rdf: "To find mappings between two RDF descriptions, techniques from research in knowledge representation are directly applicable. Of course, this does not solve the general interoperability problem of finding semantics-preserving mappings between objects, but using RDF for data interchange raises the level of potential reuse of software components much beyond parser reuse, which is all XML offers." "Before showing how RDF can be enriched to define sophisticated data models, we recall Brachman?s distinction of the three layers in a knowledge representation system: the implementation level consists of data structures for a particular implementation; the logic level defines, in an abstract way, the inferences that are performed by the system; and the epistemological level defines adequate representation primitives for expressing knowledge in a convenient way?usually those used by a knowledge engineer."}, description = {sdasda}, interhash = {39bad15aaa8a3fdd63b249a1ca055fe4}, intrahash = {c8d85bb64758ac02cbf583ceaf779e3d}, keywords = {web semantic rdf}, pdf = {sem-web-onto-2000.pdf}, priority = {0}, timestamp = {2006-03-24T16:34:33.000+0100}, title = {The {S}emantic {W}eb: {T}he {R}oles of {XML} and {RDF}}, url = {http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~nernst/papers/sem-web-onto-2000.pdf}, volume = {IEEE Internet Computing}, year = 2000 }