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Cities of change - Addis Ababa : transformation strategies for urban territories in the 21st century

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(2016)

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  • @jonasinhelder
    7 years ago (last updated 7 years ago)
    A) PRESENTATION OF THE CONTEXT, SUMMARY OF THE GENERAL PROPOSAL OF THE WORK Cities of Change: Addis Ababa appeared first in the year 2010. The here discussed book is already the second and revised edition, that was published by the Birkhäuser Verlag (Basel) in March 2016. Authors are Marc Angélil and Dirk Hebel, supported different institutions. The Urban Laboratory – Addis Ababa is a research initiative launched by the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich in collaboration with Addis Ababa University (AAU) and the Ethiopian Engineering Capacity Building Program (ECBP). Rather than upholding an a precast vision of an ideal city, the laboratory defines as its objective the development of sustainable strategies for urban environments. The research documented in the publication was undertaken at ETH Zurich’s Department of Architecture. They took place in the context of the Master of Advanced Studies Program in Urban Design, led by Marc Angélil and Dirk Hebel. Both have taught architectural and urban design at universities in Europe and the United States. Their research focuses on contemporary developments of large metropolitan regions. Over the last years, their interest has centred on Ethiopia, one of the fastest growing nations in the world. What at the time of the first book seemed a mere prediction, has since then become a reality. Addis Ababa is one of the fastest transforming urban environments of the world. This revised publication aims to mirror the the rapid development of the city. Marc Angélil and Dirk Hebel write in the preface, that their expectations have been surpassed. The city has undergone dramatic changes, and one must add, not always for the best. Moreover the authors aim to answer the following questions: „What can architecture and urban design as disciplines contribute to such transformations? According to which criteria can processes of the kind encountered in Addis Ababa and elsewhere be evaluated? And, how can all of this be steered?“ The laboratory sets as its objective the development of sustainable strategies for urban environments. To answer the research questions the publication "Cities of Change: Addis Ababa" documents the research, done by the laboratory. The research approach is based on two different but related methods of investigation. The first trajectory focuses on urban sustainability and follows a principle of conducting in-depth academic work in specific fields. The second trajectory on urban design situates the work in context of scenario-orientated design research. One of the key aspects of the laboratory’s work concerns scenario planning: designing processes for potential ‘futures’ according to varying constraints. Urban design as a discipline is reframed in view of an understanding of the city as a dynamic system, one delineated by stocks and flows of resources – with specific attention given to fluxes of people, energy, water, material, capital, space, and information. Moreover the book exposes its findings to critical observations by invited authors. The research brings to the forefront general questions of method and procedure that can be transferred to other ‘cities of change,’ whether in the developing or the developed world. B) INTERPRETATION OF THE SELECTED SUBJECT „Stocks and flows of water“ is the second research topic of the book. The laboratory proposes several prototype interventions to support the green areas in their function as public space. The analyse of the quarter raised five different corridors, where the interventions take place. Each green corridor gets an own identity. Which are dedicated to recreation, professional/retail functions, temporary market, agriculture and wetland. The topics then are directly transformed into architectural projects, taking place on each appointed area. Another chapter turns about „Stocks and flows of space“ and is understood as urban resource connected to the problem of urban sprawl. One example to reach instead of urban sprawl an certain density, proposes a densification of the market without segregation. The area host a complex of social and economic issues, consequently the Mercato is seen as organisme consisting of formal and informal processes. The proposed project includes all different participants and demonstrates their relation between each other. Furthermore the laboratory introduces four urban implementation strategies. Compared to the first presented project, this proposal takes care of the complex multi-layered system being present in African cities. C) CONCLUSION As the two mentioned project demonstrate, there is a wide range of different projects and proposes in this publication. Many of them are appropriate to the region and consider the circumstances of the African cities. But some of the proposals also suffer through the missing regional adaption. For example the activation of green corridors are simply forces by construction architectural spaces. But there word about the implementation strategies, the acceptance in the population, financing or other practical problems. And these are the challenges, which separate an African city from other towns on the globe. Another interesting aspect is the composition of the publication. The differentiation between the seven topics – people, energy, water, material, capital, space, and information – make sense and contribute to an simple orientation between the several research proposals. But sometimes the relation between the seven chapters is missing. At the end of the book one would expect a conclusion, reflecting and connection the research topics. There is a missing of linkage between the different fields and the initial questions of the preface are not answered finally. Then again the laboratory could ague that this task is provided to the reader.
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