Article,

Thermophysical Property Measurements: The Journey from Accuracy to Fitness for Purpose

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International Journal of Thermophysics, 28 (2): 372--416 (April 2007)

Abstract

Until the 1960s much of the experimental work on the thermophysical properties of fluids was devoted to the development ofmethods for the measurement of the properties of simple fluids under moderate temperatures and pressures. By the end of the1960s a few methods had emerged that had both a rigorous mathematical description of the experimental method and technicalinnovation to render measurements precise enough to rigorously test theories of fluids for both gas and liquid phases. Thesestudies demonstrated that, for the gas phase at least, the theories were exceedingly reliable and led to physical insightinto simple molecular interactions. The thesis of this paper is, after those early successes, there has been a divergenceof experimental effort from the earlier thrust and, in the future, there needs to be focus on in situ measurement of properties for process fluids. These arguments are based upon the balance between the uncertainty of the resultsand their utility and economic value as well as upon technical developments, which have provided reliable and robust sensorsof properties. The benefits accrued from accurate measurements on a few materials to validate predictions of the physicalproperties, for a much wider set of mixtures over a wide range of conditions, are much less relevant for most engineeringpurposes. However, there remain some special areas of science where high accuracy measurements are an important goal.

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