Abstract
The serpentinite-hosted Lost City hydrothermal field is a remarkable
submarine ecosystem in which geological, chemical, and biological
processes are intimately interlinked. Reactions between seawater
and upper mantle peridotite produce methane- and hydrogen-rich fluids,
with temperatures ranging from <40&DEG; to 90&DEG;C at pH 9 to 11,
and carbonate chimneys 30 to 60 meters tall. A low diversity of microorganisms
related to methane-cycling Archaea thrive in the warm porous interiors
of the edifices. Macrofaunal communities show a degree of species
diversity at least as high as that of black smoker vent sites along
the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, but they lack the high biomasses of chemosynthetic
organisms that are typical of volcanically driven systems.
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