Аннотация
In the present period of quiescence, the Solfatara volcano, 1 km far
from Pozzuoli, releases 1500 t/d of hydrothermal CO2 through soil
diffuse degassing from a relatively small area (0.5 km2). This amount
of gas is comparable to that released by crater plume emissions of
many active volcanoes. On the basis of the CO2/H2O ratio measured
in high-temperature fumaroles inside the degassing area, we computed
a total thermal energy flux of 1.19e13 J/d (138 MW). Most of this
energy is lost by shallow steam condensation and transferred to the
atmosphere through the hot soil of the degassing area. The thermal
energy released by diffuse degassing at Solfatara is by far the main
way of energy release from the whole Campi Flegrei caldera. It is
1 order of magnitude higher than the conductive heat flux through
the entire caldera, and, during the last 20 years, it was several
times higher than the energy associated with seismic crises and ground
deformation events. It is possible that changes in the energy flux
from a magma body seated underneath Solfatara and/or argillification
processes at relatively shallow depths determine pressurization events
in the hydrothermal system and consequently ground deformation and
shallow seismic swarms, as recorded during the recent episodes of
volcanic unrest centered at Pozzuoli.
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