Abstract
Biogeography-based optimization (BBO) is a new population-based evolutionary algorithm and one of metaheuristic
algorithms. This technique is based on an old mathematical study that explains the geographical
distribution of biological organisms. The first original form of BBO was introduced in 2008 and known as a
partial migration based BBO. After three months, BBO was re-introduced again with additional three other
forms and known as single, simplified partial, and simplified single migration based BBOs. Then a lot of
modifications and hybridizations were employed to boost-up the performance of BBO and solve its weak
exploration. However, the literature lacks the explanations and the reasons on which the modifications of the
BBO forms are based on. This paper tries to clarify this issue by making a comparison between the four
original BBO algorithms through 23 benchmark functions with different dimensions and complexities. The
final judgment is confirmed by evaluating the performance based on the effect of the problem’s dimensions,
the side constraints and the population size. The results show that both single and simplified single migration
based BBOs are faster, but have less performance as compared to the others. The comparison between the
partial and the simplified partial migration based BBOs shows that the preference depends on the population
size, problem’s complexity and dimensions, and the values of the upper and lower side constraints. The
partial migration model wins when these factors, except the population size, are increased, and vice versa
for the simplified partial migration model. The results can be used as a foundation and a first step of
modification for enhancing any proposed modification on BBO including the existing modifications that are described in literature
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